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Housing & tenancy

Lease, rent, security deposit, eviction, repairs: the rights of tenants and landlords in France.

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In brief

French housing law governs the relationship between tenants and landlords: the tenancy agreement (*bail*), the amount and revision of rent, the *dépôt de garantie* (security deposit), repairs, notice and eviction. The Law of 6 July 1989 is the cornerstone for residential lettings.

Whether you are a tenant or a landlord, renting a home follows strict rules designed to protect both sides. The bail (lease) sets the rent, the term and each party's obligations; the law caps rent increases (the IRL index), the security deposit and the deadline for its return.

When a dispute arises — unpaid rent, an unreturned deposit, a contested notice or a substandard home — several remedies exist before court: the commission départementale de conciliation, a formal notice (mise en demeure) or the local conciliateur de justice. Our articles walk you through each situation, step by step.

All articles: housing & tenancy

40 articles
Home Insurance Waiting Periods in France: The Delay de Carence Explained

When you move into a new home or decide to switch insurers to get better coverage, you legitimately expect to …

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Security Deposit for Furnished Rentals in France: Up to 2 Months' Rent

When you are preparing to sign a lease agreement for a furnished property in France, the question of the initi…

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IRL Index: How to Legally Cap Rent Increases in France

Facing the constant rise in the cost of living in France, housing remains at the heart of concerns for both te…

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Energy Inefficient Rentals Now Banned in France: Expat Guide

Since January 1, 2023, the French rental market has been undergoing an unprecedented green revolution that is …

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Unpaid Rent Insurance (GLI) in France: What Does It Cover?

For any landlord, renting out a property is a source of income, but it also carries a significant amount of ri…

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Illegal Eviction in France: Why Landlords Cannot Bypass the Law

In France, the right to housing is a fundamental principle, and the law strictly regulates how a tenancy ends …

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Applying for Social Housing (HLM) in France: Rules and Deadlines

Obtaining social housing (or HLM for Habitation à Loyer Modéré — low-income housing) is often a major obstacle…

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Rental Permit in France: Where is the Permis de Louer Obligatory?

In response to the rise of substandard housing and rogue landlords, more and more municipalities in France are…

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Visale: The Free State-Backed Rent Guarantee in France

Finding accommodation in France can sometimes feel like an obstacle course, especially when it comes to presen…

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Bail Mobilité: The Short-Term Lease for Students and Expats

In a tight property market where finding accommodation can sometimes feel like an obstacle course, the bail mo…

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Can My Landlord Enter My Apartment in France? Your Rights

In France, renting a property is governed by a fundamental principle: the tenant has the exclusive enjoyment o…

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Reducing Your Rental Notice Period in France to 1 Month

In France, residential tenancy laws strongly protect the tenant by guaranteeing housing stability. However, li…

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Water Damage in France: Liability, Insurance and Claims

Water damage (dégât des eaux) is the most common insurance claim in French households, affecting hundreds of t…

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Bedbugs in France: Who is Responsible and Who Pays?

It is the nightmare of thousands of tenants and landlords in France: bedbugs. These highly resilient, blood-su…

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Home Insurance in France: Tenant and Landlord Obligations

In France, access to housing is governed by a precise legislative framework where home insurance plays a centr…

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Hosting Someone for Free in France: Certificate and Rules

Hosting a relative, a friend, or a family member without asking for any financial contribution is a common act…

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Squatters in France: The Accelerated Eviction Procedure

Discovering that your property is being illegally occupied by third parties is a true nightmare for any homeow…

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Mandatory Property Diagnostics in France: List and Validity

When selling or renting out a property in France, transparency is key to securing the transaction and protecti…

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French Co-ownership: Charges, General Meetings & Disputes

Living in a co-ownership property in France offers many advantages in terms of shared costs and convenience, b…

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Hidden Defects in French Property: Recourse Against the Seller

Buying a property is often the project of a lifetime, but it can quickly turn into a nightmare when major defe…

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Compromis de Vente: Commitments and the 10-Day Cooling-Off Period

Buying or selling real estate is a major life project that generates as much enthusiasm as it does legal quest…

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Short-Term Rentals (Airbnb) in France: Rules and Penalties

Short-term rentals, popularized by platforms such as Airbnb, Abritel, or Booking, have become a major economic…

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APL French Housing Benefit: Eligibility, Calculation & Guide

The Aide Personnalisée au Logement (APL) (Personalised Housing Benefit) is one of the pillars of social policy…

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Furnished vs Unfurnished Rentals in France: Legal & Tax Differences

Are you a property owner hesitating over which rental strategy to adopt, or a tenant searching for your future…

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Rent Control in France: Cities, Rules, and Tenant Recourse

Renting a property in France—whether you are a student, a young professional, or a newly arrived expat—can som…

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Unpaid Rent in France: Legal Solutions for Tenants and Landlords

In France, housing is a fundamental right, but it also represents a major financial commitment. When a payment…

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Repossessing Rental Property in France: Rules for Landlords

In France, residential lease agreements strongly protect tenants, guaranteeing them high stability in their ho…

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Notice to Vacate for Sale: Tenant Rights & Preemption in France

When a landlord decides to sell their property, the tenant in place often finds themselves facing a situation …

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Rental Property Repairs in France: Who Pays for What?

Whether you are a landlord or a tenant, the question of who pays for repairs in a rented property is a frequen…

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Subletting in France: Legal Rules, Steps, and Risks for Expats

Whether you are a student looking to cut costs during an internship abroad, or a tenant wishing to keep your h…

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Flatsharing in France: Lease, Joint Liability, and Moving Out

Flatsharing is becoming increasingly popular among students and young professionals in France, offering an aff…

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Becoming a Joint Guarantor in France: Commitments and Risks

When you help a loved one secure housing or financing in France, a request for a "caution solidaire" (joint gu…

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Rental Charges in France: Rules, Disputes & Calculations

Whether you are a tenant or a landlord, the issue of rental charges (or recoverable charges) is a frequent sou…

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Winter Truce in France: Dates, Exceptions, and Tenant Protections

Every year, as winter approaches, the trêve hivernale (winter truce) becomes a crucial topic for thousands of …

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Tenant Eviction in France: The Legal Step-by-Step Guide

In France, the right to housing is a principle with strong constitutional value, making eviction procedures hi…

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Substandard or Unsafe Housing in France: Tenant Rights & Remedies

In France, thousands of tenants face deplorable living conditions every day: persistent dampness, dangerous el…

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Disputed Inventory of Fixtures in France: How to Defend Yourself

The inventory of fixtures—known in France as the état des lieux—at the start or end of a tenancy is often a so…

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Rent Increases in France: What Landlords Can and Cannot Do

In France, managing a rental investment is governed by strict legislation designed to balance the rights of la…

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Rental Notice Periods in France: 1 or 3 Months? All the Rules

Whether you are a tenant about to move out or a landlord wishing to recover your property, the question of the…

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Unreturned Security Deposit in France: Deadlines and Remedies

The end of a tenancy is often a relief, but it can quickly turn into an obstacle course when it comes to recov…

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Frequently asked questions

How long does the landlord have to return my security deposit?

The landlord has one month after you hand back the keys if the exit inventory matches the entry one, and two months if there are differences. After that, the sum is increased by a penalty for each month of delay.

Can my landlord raise the rent whenever they want?

No. The annual increase is capped by the *IRL* rent reference index and is only possible if a clause in the lease provides for it. In 'tense' zones, extra rent-control rules apply.

Can I be evicted without going before a judge?

No. An eviction without a court decision is illegal. The landlord must obtain a judgment and then involve a *commissaire de justice* (bailiff); the winter truce generally suspends evictions.

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